A more extreme close up. The shot is unnaturally close to features of a subject with no background whatsoever. It is used to show eye contact between characters, close details (for example the reflection in the glasses), and have a dramatic effect.
A close up shot is very close to a subjects face or specific detail of mise-en-scene showing little background, so that their expressions are very clear or details can be seen easily. It is a great way to show the emotion of a character and can make the audience feel more comfortable and 'close' to a character or very uncomfortable.
Frames a person from knee or waist up to show some detail of action. Often used in dialogue scenes, a medium shot can show what a character is doing and who they may be talking to in close proximity.
Generally seen as being 'life sized' from the perspective of the audience. It is a full shot, showing the entire human body, from head to foot positioned appropriately in the frame. While the characters are the main focus, plenty of background can be seen to give a perspective of what and where the setting is.
Extreme long shot:
This is generally used as a scene-setting, establishing shot. It normally shows an exterior, such as landscape or outside of buildings, from a large distance, to give a rough indication as to where the scene is set. A lot of extreme long shots are taken from further away than the example, showing the skyline of a city for instance (such as New York or London).
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